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MySQL5.6:基于GTID的主从复制说明
发布日期:2016-4-29 13:4:43

  MySQL5.6:基于GTID的主从复制

  一、GTID简介

  是MySQL 5.6 的新特性之一,是加入了全局事务 ID (GTID) 来强化数据库的主备一致性,故障恢复,以及容错能力。

  什么是GTID?

  官方文档地址如下:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/replication-gtids.html在这篇文档里,我们可以知道全局事务 ID 的官方定义为:GTID = source_id:transaction_id

  MySQL 5.6 中,每一个 GTID 代表一个数据库事务。在上面的定义中,source_id 表示执行事务的主库 uuid(server_uuid),transaction_id 是一个从 1 开始的自增计数,表示在这个主库上执行的第 n 个事务。MySQL 会保证事务与 GTID 之间的 1 : 1 映射。

  二、环境准备

  操作系统:CentOS6.5 64位

  数据库版本:MySQL5.6.23

  1

  拓扑如下所示:

  2

  三、安装主数据库(masterdb.example.com)

  1、首先准备数据存放目录、创建用户,如下所示:

  1 1 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqldata -p #创建数据存放目录

  2 2 [root@masterdb ~]#mkdir /data/mysqlLog/logs -p #创建日志存放目录

  3 3 [root@masterdb ~]#groupadd -r mysql

  4 4 [root@masterdb ~]#useradd -g mysql -r -s /sbin/nologin -M -d /data/mysqldata mysql

  5 5 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqldata

  6 6 [root@masterdb ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysqlLog/logs

  2、安装并且初始化mysql5.6.23,如下所示:

  1 [root@masterdb ~]# tar xf mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

  2 [root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/

  3 [root@masterdb ~]# ln -sv mysql-advanced-5.6.23-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql

  4 [root@masterdb ~]# chown -R root.mysql mysql

  5 [root@masterdb ~]# cd mysql

  6 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

  7 [root@masterdb ~]# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

  8 [root@masterdb ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

  9 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

  10 [root@masterdb ~]# chkconfig mysqld on

  11 [root@masterdb ~]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysqldata/

  3、输出mysql的man手册至man命令的查找路径:

  编辑/etc/man.config,添加如下行所示即可:

  MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man

  4、输出mysql的头文件至系统头文件路径/usr/include:

  这可以通过简单的创建链接实现:

  1 [root@masterdb ~]#ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql

  5、输出mysql的库文件给系统库查找路径:

  1 [root@masterdb ~]#echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf

  而后让系统重新载入系统库:

  1 [root@masterdb ~]# ldconfig

  6、修改PATH环境变量,让系统可以直接使用mysql的相关命令:

  1 [root@masterdb ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

  2 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin

  3 [root@masterdb ~]#source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

  从数据库安装同上。

  四、分别为主从数据库提供配置文件/etc/my.cnf

  要在MySQL 5.6中使用复制功能,其服务配置段[mysqld]中于少应该定义如下选项:

  binlog-format:二进制日志的格式,有row、statement和mixed几种类型;

  需要注意的是:当设置隔离级别为READ-COMMITED必须设置二进制日志格式为ROW,现在MySQL官方认为STATEMENT这个已经不再适合继续使用;但mixed类型在默认的事务隔离级别下,可能会导致主从数据不一致;

  log-slave-updates、gtid-mode、enforce-gtid-consistency、report-port和report-host:用于启动GTID及满足附属的其它需求;

  master-info-repository和relay-log-info-repository:启用此两项,可用于实现在崩溃时保证二进制及从服务器安全的功能;

  sync-master-info:启用之可确保无信息丢失;

  slave-paralles-workers:设定从服务器的SQL线程数;0表示关闭多线程复制功能;

  binlog-checksum、master-verify-checksum和slave-sql-verify-checksum:启用复制有关的所有校验功能;

  binlog-rows-query-log-events:启用之可用于在二进制日志记录事件相关的信息,可降低故障排除的复杂度;

  server-id:同一个复制拓扑中的所有服务器的id号必须惟一;

  log-bin:启用二进制日志,这是保证复制功能的基本前提;

  主数据库上:

  1 [client]

  2 port = 3306

  3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

  4 default-character-set = utf8

  5 [mysql]

  6 no-auto-rehash

  7 default-character-set = utf8

  8

  9 [mysqld]

  10 server-id = 1

  11 port = 3306

  12 user = mysql

  13 basedir = /usr/local/mysql

  14 datadir = /data/mysqldata

  15 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

  16 default-storage-engine = INNODB

  17 character-set-server = utf8

  18 connect_timeout = 60

  19 interactive_timeout = 28800

  20 wait_timeout = 28800

  21 back_log = 500

  22 event_scheduler = ON

  23 skip_name_resolve = ON;

  24

  25 ###########binlog##########

  26 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin

  27 binlog_format = row

  28 max_binlog_size = 128M

  29 binlog_cache_size = 2M

  30 expire-logs-days = 5

  31 log-slave-updates=true

  32 gtid-mode=on

  33 enforce-gtid-consistency=true

  34 master-info-repository=TABLE

  35 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

  36 sync-master-info=1

  37 slave-parallel-workers=4

  38 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1

  39

  40 slow_query_log = 1

  41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow

  42 long_query_time = 1

  43

  44 log_error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log

  45 max_connections = 3000

  46 max_connect_errors = 32767

  47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

  48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

  从数据库上:

  1 [client]

  2 port = 3306

  3 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

  4 default-character-set = utf8

  5

  6 [mysql]

  7 no-auto-rehash

  8 default-character-set = utf8

  9

  10 [mysqld]

  11 server-id = 205

  12 port = 3306

  13 user = mysql

  14 basedir = /usr/local/mysql

  15 datadir = /data/mysqldata

  16 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

  17 default-storage-engine = INNODB

  18 character-set-server = utf8

  19 connect_timeout = 60

  20 wait_timeout = 18000

  21 back_log = 500

  22 event_scheduler = ON

  23

  24 ###########binlog##########

  25 log-bin = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql-bin

  26 binlog_format = row

  27 max_binlog_size = 128M

  28 binlog_cache_size = 2M

  29 expire-logs-days = 5

  30 log-slave-updates=true

  31 gtid-mode=on

  32 enforce-gtid-consistency=true

  33 master-info-repository=TABLE

  34 relay-log-info-repository=TABLE

  35 sync-master-info=1

  36 slave-parallel-workers=4

  37 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1

  38 skip-slave-start

  39

  40 slow_query_log = 1

  41 slow_query_log_file = /data/mysqlLog/logs/mysql.slow

  42 long_query_time = 2

  43

  44 log-error = /data/mysqlLog/logs/error.log

  45 max_connections = 3000

  46 max_connect_errors = 10000

  47 log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1

  48 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED

  五、分别在主从数据库上启动mysqld服务

  1 [root@masterdb ~]# service mysqld start

  2 Starting MySQL...... [ OK ]

  3 [root@masterdb ~]#

  1 [root@slavedb ~]# service mysqld start

  2 Starting MySQL...... [ OK ]

  3 [root@slavedb ~]#

  六、在主数据库上创建复制用户

  1 mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO repluser@172.16.88.205 IDENTIFIED BY 'replpassword';

  说明:172.16.88.205是从节点服务器;如果想一次性授权更多的节点,可以自行根据需要修改;

  七、启动从数据库上的复制线程

  mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='masterdb.example.com', MASTER_USER='repluser', MASTER_PASSWORD='replpassword', MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;

  mysql>start slave;

  八、在从数据库上查看复制状态:

  mysql> show slave status\G;

  *************************** 1. row ***************************

  Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

  Master_Host: masterdb.56xyl.com

  Master_User: repluser

  Master_Port: 3306

  Connect_Retry: 60

  Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

  Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191

  Relay_Log_File: slavedb-relay-bin.000003

  Relay_Log_Pos: 401

  Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002

  Slave_IO_Running: Yes #IO线程已正常运行

  Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #SQL线程已正常运行

  Replicate_Do_DB:

  Replicate_Ignore_DB:

  Replicate_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Ignore_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

  Last_Errno: 0

  Last_Error:

  Skip_Counter: 0

  Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191

  Relay_Log_Space: 1899

  Until_Condition: None

  Until_Log_File:

  Until_Log_Pos: 0

  Master_SSL_Allowed: No

  Master_SSL_CA_File:

  Master_SSL_CA_Path:

  Master_SSL_Cert:

  Master_SSL_Cipher:

  Master_SSL_Key:

  Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

  Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

  Last_IO_Errno: 0

  Last_IO_Error:

  Last_SQL_Errno: 0

  Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

  Master_Server_Id: 1

  Master_UUID: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5

  Master_Info_File: mysql.slave_master_info

  SQL_Delay: 0

  SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

  Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

  Master_Retry_Count: 86400

  Master_Bind:

  Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

  Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

  Master_SSL_Crl:

  Master_SSL_Crlpath:

  Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6

  Executed_Gtid_Set: 89e78301-c3f4-11e5-8b51-00505624d26a:1-3,

  971d7245-c3f8-11e5-8b6b-000c2999e5a5:1-6

  Auto_Position: 1

  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

  ERROR:

  No query specified

  mysql>

  九、测试

  在主库上创建数据库,如下所示:

  1 mysql> create database log_statics;

  2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.11 sec)

  3

  4 mysql> use log_statics;

  5 Database changed

  到从数据库上查看log_statics是否已经复制过去

  1 mysql> show databases;

  2 +--------------------+

  3 | Database |

  4 +--------------------+

  5 | information_schema |

  6 | log_statics |

  7 | mysql |

  8 | performance_schema |

  9 +--------------------+

  10 4 rows in set (0.01 sec)

  11

  12 mysql>

  我们就可以看到log_statics数据库已经存在于从数据库上。