postgresql 聚合操作
发布日期:2016-4-26 21:4:30
对于聚合操作,pg约束是不严格的,比如下面所示的sql中,group by 缺少 name,但是也可以执行 postgres=# select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; id | name | count ----+------+------- 1 | bcd | 1 2 | abc | 1 现模拟如下所示: create table t(id int,name varchar(20)); insert into t values(1,'abc'),(2,'bcd'); 再次执行,不行了,说明语法不对 postgres=# select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; ERROR: column "t.name" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function LINE 1: select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; 添加主键约束,那么执行成功,说明pg进行了智能判断,在有唯一约束的前提下,当select的非聚合字段比如name是伴随id成对出现的时候,那么pg允许 如下:因为id是唯一的,id与name也是唯一的(两个字段必须是在同一个表中),故pg允许 postgres=# alter table t add primary key(id); ALTER TABLE postgres=# select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; id | name | count ----+------+------- 1 | bcd | 1 2 | abc | 1 --创建t1表 create table t1(id int,name varchar(20)); insert into t1 values(1,'abc'),(2,'bcd'); alter table t1 add primary key(id); 因为t.id是唯一的,但t.id与t1.name并不是唯一的(两个字段不在同一个表中),所以会把语法错误 postgres=# select t.id,t1.name from t1,t where t1.id=t.id group by t.id; ERROR: column "t1.name" must appear in the GROUP BY clause or be used in an aggregate function LINE 1: select t.id,t1.name from t1,t where t1.id=t.id group by t.id... 但是对于mysql,当sql_mode不设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY是,它并不限制group by字段的完整性 mysql> select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; +------+------+----------+ | id | name | count(*) | +------+------+----------+ | 1 | abc | 1 | | 2 | bcd | 1 | +------+------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) --设置ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY mysql> set sql_mode='ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) --group by 语法不全规范,报错 mysql> select id,name ,count(*) from t group by id; ERROR 1055 (42000): Expression #2 of SELECT list is not in GROUP BY clause and contains nonaggregated column 'test.t.name' which is not functionally dependent on columns in GROUP BY clause; this is incompatible with sql_mode=only_full_group_by
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